Penggunaan Present Perfect

Present Perfect

Paling tidak ada 3 fungsi dari penggunaan Present Perfect:

1.   Untuk menyatakan kejadian yg baru saja sudah pernah terjadi. Waktu kejadiannya tidak diketahui maupun tidak penting untuk diketahui (bukan fokus utama pembicaraan). Kata keterangan yg biasa dipakai: ever (pernah), never (tidak pernah), already (sudah/terjadinya suatu kejadian lebih awal dibanding apa yg kita pikirkan maupun yg seharusnya), yet (not yet: belum), just (baru saja).

• We have moved to a new house.
• Have you ever visited Bali?
• I have never seen snow.
• I have already seen the movie.
• Ali hasn't seen it yet.
• Rina started a letter to her parents last week, but he still hasn't finished it.
• Anto feels bad he. He has just heard some bad news.

2.   Menyatakan kejadian yg berulang kali terjadi beberapa waktu tertentu sebelum sekarang (baru saja).

• We have had five tests so far this semester.
• I have written my mother a letter every other week for the last two months.
• I have made many friends since I came here.
• I have seen her many times.

3.   Untuk menyatakan kejadian yg mulanya terjadi di suatu waktu di masa lampau yg sampai sekarang masih terus terjadi. Kata keterangan yg biasa digunakan yaitu since (sejak), pada for (selama).

• I have been in Makassar since 2009.
• We have been here for six months.
• I have had this motorcycle for ten years.
• I have loved Peterpan ever since I was a child.
• I have known her for many years. 

Lihat juga bentuk Tense lainnya: Simple Present; Present Progressive; Simple Past; Past Progressive