Contoh Kalimat Sequence Expression

SEQUENCE EXPRESSION

 

Ada beberapa ungkapan yg sering digunakan untuk mengindikasikan urutan dari suatu kejadian. Contohnya: first, first of all, in the first place, to begin with, second, next, then, afterwards, later, after  few days, at the same time, immediately, presently, now, last of all, finally, in the end, at last.

Perhatikan penggunaan ungkapan-ungkapan di atas dalm beberapa paragraf di bawah ini:

      A.      At the Library of (UIN) State Islamic University Alauddin Makassar

I visited the library of UIN Alauddin Makassar some weeks ago. The visit was interesting. First, I asked the librarian about the book that I needed. Then, she showed me a shelf on which I could find the book. However, I still could not discover it. I had her help me. She got the book for me.
Afterwards, she explained how to borrow the book. I thanked her. Finally, my new friends bought lunch for me.

      B.      Everything Happens to Me

My luck has been bad lately. For example, last month applied for two scholarships: UGRAD (Undergradute Student Exchange) and IELSP (Indonesia English Language Study Program). I only got interview test for the IELSP scholarship to have a course in the USA for a period of 8 (eight) weeks. I failed it. A few days ago, my mother bought me an expensive laptop. I lost it. Next, my TEFL lecturer gave my class a project. I did a wrong project. Finally, my close friend introduced a good friend of his to me. She did not speak English.

      C.      She and I Forgot to Remember

Last year, I met a beautiful calm girl. I fell in love with her, and became her boyfriend. She took a trip to London. However, she made me some promises. First, she would send me messages. Second, she would send me photographs. Third, she would buy me souvenirs. At first, she did everything for me – sent me messages, pictures, and postcards. Little by little, she forgot to send me messages. She forgot to send picture. She forgot the postcards too. Or She remembered the postcards but forgot to mail them to me. At last, she decided to tell me the truth. She wrote me that she had met another boy. Nevertheless, she did not send the letter to me. She forgot.

Pola-Pola Kalimat Dengan Kata Kerja Transitif Tertentu: Demam Noun + Verb + Noun + Noun/Adjective

1. Last Sunday Fadli and Arief went to a class on Mathematics. They considered the teacher an authority. Arief considers mathematics a fascinating subject. Fadli finds it a boring subject. He thinks mathematical activities nothing but hard work. Arief finds them great fun. He found the class interesting. Fadli thought it rather boring. The teachers may elect Arief the representative of the school in the International Mathematical Olympiad.  
2. My grandfather and I moved to another part of Makassar. At first we found our new home strange. We found the people different and thought their speech peculiar. The climate made the people  easygoing, and they seemed casual about everything. The natives found us serious and impatient.
3. Time has made both our neighbors and us less critical. We have become accustomed to each other. Gradually, we have found life more pleasant. We still find our new home different from our old one, but we do not consider it necessarily worse. As far our neighbors, they find that being friends with us has made their lives more interesting.   

Kalimat-kalimat dalam paragraf di atas menggunakan pola
“Noun + Verb + Noun + Noun / Adjective”.

Hanya ada beberapa kata kerja yg yang digunakan dalam pola ini: consider, find, believe, think, prove call, name, elect, appoint, nominate, make, paint, suppose, turn (mengubah), beserta build.

Kebanyakan kata kerja di atas boleh digunakan dalam 2 pola:
“Noun + Verb + Noun + Noun" beserta "Noun + Verb + Noun + Adjective”.

Akan tetapi ada beberapa kata kerja yg hanya angsal digunakan di pola pertama (noun sebagai pelengkap objek) yaitu appoint, elect, beserta name.
Dan kata kerja like (suka) beserta keep hanya bisa dipakai untuk pola ke dua (adjective sebagai pelengkap objek).

Contoh Soal TOEFL (by pusattoefl.blogspot.com)
12. The Legislature selected Vassar Miller _____ in 1982, and again in 1988.
(A) was the state’s poet laureate
(B) as the state’s poet laureate
(C) the state’s poet laureate
(D) become the state’s poet laureate
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Langkah 1: Kalimat di atas sudah lengkap Subject beserta Verb. Jadi kita tidak lagi butuh verb lainnya. Pilihan A beserta D olehnya sudah jelas salah.
Langkah 2: Ketika kita menggunakan kata 'selected' tidak lagi perlu menggunakan kata 'as' tapi langsung saja noun setelahnya.
Contoh lain: I selected you the president of the meeting club. Kata kerja yg lain masuk dalam kategori kata kerja semacam ini ialah: consider, find, believe, think, prove call, name, elect, appoint, nominate, make, paint, suppose, turn (mengubah), beserta build.

Source:

Let's Write English by George E. Wishon Julia M. Burks 1980

Contoh, Rumus, Lagi Pembentukan Kalimat The Passive Voice

Passive Voice

Membentuk Kalimat Passive

Dalam kalimat pasif, objek dari kalimat aktif menjadi subjek di kalimat pasif. Contoh:

Active: The children helped the old man.

Passive: The old man was helped by the children.

Dari contoh di atas, terlihat bahwa objek (the old man) di kalimat aktif menjadi subjek di kalimat passive. Hanya kalimat transitif (kalimat yg membutuhkan objek) yg digunakan dalam kalimat passif. Contoh:

Active: An accident happened.

Passive: (tidak ada)

Pembentukan kalimat passive

dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar

	ACTIVE	PASSIVE
Simple present	The boy recites the holy Qurân.	The holy Qurân is recited by the boy.
Present continuous	The boy is reciting the holy dedar Qurân.	The holy Qurân is being recited by the boy.
Present perfect	The boy has recited the holy Qurân.	The holy Qurân has been recited by the boy.
Simple past	The boy recited the holy Qurân.	The holy Qurân was recited by the boy.
Past continuous	The boy was reciting the holy Qurân.	The holy Qurân was being recited by the boy.
Past perfect	The boy had recited the holy Qurân.	The holy Qurân had been recited by the boy.
(Simple) future	The boy will recite the holy Qurân.	The holy Qurân will be recited by the boy.
Future perfect	The boy would have recited the holy dedar Qurân.	The holy Qurân would have been recited by the dedar boy.
To be going to	The boy is going to recite the holy Qurân.	The holy Qurân is going to be recited by the boy.
Infinitive “to”	The boy has to recite the holy Qurân.	The holy Qurân has to be recited by the boy.
Present participle/ Gerund	I like inviting friends to my home	I like being invited to your home.

Catatan:

1. Present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, future continuous, dan future perfect continuous tidak dipakai dalam kalimat passive.
2. Biasanya kalimat pasif digunakan tanpa kata by. Kalimat pasif umumnya digunakan ketika pelaku (subjek) tidak dikenal alias tidak penting untuk diketahui. Kata-kata by people, by me, by you, by the, by someone, by a man, by a boy, by the servant, pada seterusnya tidak perlu dipakai. Contoh: (a)  Rice is grown in India by someone.   (b) English is spoken all over the world by people.
3.  “will pada would” di atas mewakili bentuk kata modal dan frasa modal lainnya: should, can, must, may, shall, had better, ought to, have to, is supposed to pada lainnya.

Pembentukan kalimat passive dalam bentuk pertanyaan

dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar

	ACTIVE	PASSIVE
Simple present	Do dedar you paint the room beautifully?	Is dedar the room beautifully painted  by you?
Present continuous	Are dedar you painting the room beautifully?	Is dedar the room being beautifully painted?
Present perfect	Have dedar you painted the room beautifully?	Has dedar the room been beautifully painted?
Simple past	Did dedar you paint the room beautifully?	Was dedar the room beautifully painted?
Past continuous	Were dedar you painting the room beautifully?	Was dedar the room being beautifully  painted?
Past perfect	Had dedar you painted the room beautifully?	Had dedar the room been beautifully painted?
(Simple) future	Will dedar you paint the room beautifully?	Will dedar the room be beautifully painted?
Future perfect	Will dedar you have painted the room beautifully dedar before I come home?	Will dedar the room have been beautifully painted dedar before I come home?
Infinitive “to”	Do you have to paint the room Beautifully?	Does the room have to be beautifully painted?

Di dalam kalimat passive kata keterangan cara seperti beautifully, well, pada sebagainya biasanya diletakkan sebelum kata kerja ke III nya alias past participle. Contoh: The room was beautifully painted.

Rumus Passive Voice

dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar dedar

	Am, is, are, was, were	+ Verb III/Kata dedar kerja ke III
Modal (Will, shall, can, may, must, should, dll)	+ dedar Be
Have, has, had	+ dedar Been
Am, is are, was, were, preposition, Kata kerja diikuti oleh gerund (enjoy, Appreciate, mind, finish, delay, dll)	+ dedar Being

Source:

• Mastering Modern English Structure (1987) oleh Drs. Azhar Arsyad, MA [beliau sudah menjadi Guru Besar di UIN Alauddin]
• Understanding and Using English Grammar, Third Edition oleh Betty Schrampfer Azar

Contoh Soal Bahasa Inggris Snmptn Beserta Kunci Jawaban

Reading

Heart disease is Western society’s number-one killer. It accounts for one -third of all deaths in America and for well over half the deaths among middle-aged men. Heart disease was relatively rare in America at the turn of the century, but it has risen dramatically since then, with a slight downturn in 1960.

Heart disease is often viewed as a disease of modern living, spurred on by the habits and the stress of industrialized society. Evidence for this idea comes from the fact that non-Western societies have relatively low rates of heart disease. And there is a higher rate of heart disease among immigrants to America, such as Japanese Americans and Chinese-Americans, than among those who remain in their native country, suggesting that something about the Western environment promotes the development of the disease.

Heart disease usually involves the formation of a fatty substance called plague in the walls of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. If the arteries become narrowed enough or blocked, the person may suffer a heart attack that is death of a region of heart muscle tissue.

Among the many factors that have been found to be related to the risk of developing heart disease are high blood pressure, a history of heart disease among one's close relatives, cigarette smoking, being relatively overweight, and a high level of a fatty substance called cholesterol in the blood. In addition to all of these well- established risk factors, it is now clear that stress can have a major impact on the development of heart disease. People who continually undergo a great deal of stress - and who lack the ability to control it - are at a significantly greater risk for disease than people who undergo less stress or who can manage stress successfully. Jobs that impose high psychological demons but that provide the worker with the little control - such as a cook, waiter, and hospital orderly - seem to breed heart disease.

(Adapted from SPMB 2005 Regional III)

Soal

1.   There is a higher number of heart patients among Japanese and Chinese immigrants in the U.S. because

A.   the U,S. has the highest rate of heart disease in the world

B .  they might not have been able to cope with the stress of living in an industrialised society

C.   the food in the U.S. contains too much cholesterol

D.   they are often unjustly treated in their adopted home country

E.   they work hard to create a better life for their children

2.   How serious' is the prevalence of heart disease among people living in the U.S?

A.   fifty percent of the deaths is caused by heart disease deceased sharply

B.   in 1960 the rate of death caused by heart disease decreased sharply

C.   thirty percent of the victims of heart disease were men

D.   heart disease has always been rare among American citizens

E.   more than fifty percent of people in their 40s died of heart disease

3.   A person gets a heart attack when...

A.   plague is formed in the walls of the arteries

B.   coronary arteries are blocked by a fatty substance

C.   smoking cigarettes causes hypertension

D.   a region of heart muscle tissue is dead

E.   heart disease is genetic among close relatives

4.   The third paragraph tells us about a person can get a heart attack ____.

A.   the process

B.   how much

C.   the reason

D.   what time

E.   how long

5.   "Well-established risk factors' in line 17 are risk factors which ____."

A.   have been proved real

B.   are related to the environment

C.   show a contagious disease

D.   are formed by the disease

E.   create a belief among people

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DAFTAR ARTI KOSAKATA
NO	TULISAN	JENIS bergolak KATA	UCAPAN	ARTI
1	Heart bergolak disease	Noun	hɑ:t bergolak dI"zi:z	Penyakit bergolak jantung
2	Spurred	Verb	sp3:rd	Didorong
3	Fatty	Adjective	"fæt.i	(Ber)lemak
4	Undergo	Verb	‘Ʌn.dә"gәU	Mengalami
5	Lack	Verb	læk	Kekurangan
6	Impose	Verb	Im"pәUz	Membebankan
7	Demon	Noun	"di:.mәn	Perasaaan; bergolak pikiran
8	Breed	Verb	bri:d	Menyebabkan

Kunci Jawaban:
1.   B .  they might not have been able to cope with the stress of living in an industrialised society
2.   E.   more than fifty percent of people in their 40s died of heart disease
3.   B.   coronary arteries are blocked by a fatty substance
4.   C.   the process
5.   A.   have been proved real